Since Freud ' s creation, the psychoanalytic theory has undergone many changes and developments, in which the formation of a group psychoanalytic theory represents an important expansion in the field of psychoanalysis. The present report will explore the historical context of the group theory from a psychoanalytic perspective, focusing in particular on the theoretical contributions of Gil de la Reez and Felix Gathari and their contemporary practice, and reveal the far-reaching implications of this development for contemporary society.

From classic psychoanalysis to schizophrenia analysis, the history has shifted.

Limitations of traditional psychoanalysis

Traditional psychoanalytic theory, which began in Freud, is characterized by a commitment to "three": a model of consciousness, subconsciousness and unconscious mind; my own, my own and my own personality; and a triangular relationship between parents and children. As the search results show, this "triple principle" is particularly evident in Oedipus's relationship, creating a "stable structural model that preserves patriarchy". In practice, this model is often translated into bipolar relationships that form a static theoretical framework.

Freud and his followers tried to develop psychoanalysis into a "science" and to discover the universal fabric of the mind. However, this generalist pursuit has gradually revealed its limitations, particularly in addressing gaps in collective awareness and social behaviour. Traditional psychoanalysis, by its very nature, is centred on individuals, making it difficult to explain group phenomena and psychokinetics at the social level.

The rise of schizophrenia.

It is in this context that Deleuze's cooperation with Gathari has opened a new theoretical path. As a psychoanalyst, Gathari predates his philosopher, "involved in contemporary philosophy through psychoanalyst." The first meeting between Deleuze and Gathari in 1969 marked the beginning of an excellent cooperation. Deleuze has just completed two important works, Differences and Duplications and Logic of Meaning, but is not entirely satisfied with his theoretical framework.

This collaboration led to the "Schizoanalysis" theory, which, unlike Lacan's structuralist psychoanalysis, is critical of traditional psychoanalysis. Schizophrenic analysis "is no longer about allowing divided people to suffer again in order to face a sick normal world, but rather about repositioning more than the flow of divisive analysis." This shift has fundamentally changed the objectives and methods of psychoanalysis.

Theoretical framework and innovation in Deleuze and Gathari

From structure to machine.

The early thinking of Deleuze was deeply influenced by structuralism, but he has always maintained a complex relationship. By working with Gathari, Deleuze has moved from "structure" to "mechanism". The practical experience and critical thinking of Gathari in the psychoanalysis of Lacan provided Deleuze with a new perspective to overcome structuralist constraints.

This cooperation has given Deleuze "a new psychoanalytic theory (Schizoanalysis, Schizoanalysis), which no longer seeks to explain everything from the original hypothese of repression, but rather from a broader social perspective. " This shift implies a fundamental change in the objects and methods of psychoanalytic research, from a focus on the "global-molar" molecules themselves and me to a variety of local-moleculars self and desire.

Political analysis of desires and power

Anti-Odipus and Plateau Plateau presented a central question by Deleuze's representative in cooperation with Gathari: "Why are people struggling for their enslavement as if it were their salvation? This question reveals the political dimension of their theory, namely the relationship between desire and power.

Their re-reading of desire is a fundamental subversion of Freud and Lacan theories. In traditional psychoanalysis, desire is often defined as a lack of (lack), while Delatz and Gathari view desire as productivity and as a creative energy. This rethinking of desire provides a new perspective for analysing the structure of social power.

Basic proposition for schizophrenia analysis

The schizophrenia analysis of Deleuze and Gathari has several key ideas

1. They reject repression and castration as universal concepts. In their view, the concept of castration meant that there was only one sex - a man - and that women were defined as lacking.

2. They presented an unconscious "molecule" model, which they believed had no knowledge of castration. In their view, castration is an ideological construct, not a concept of unity.

3. They consider unconscious to produce multiplicity and mobility with "n-sex...100,000". This led them to believe that unconsciousness, even for Freud, was associated with static expression rather than the production of myths, tragedies and dreams.

4. They suggested that Oedipus was not merely an ideological interpretation of the psychological function, but a system of hegemonic restraint of Western culture. So they advocate a "post-Odipus" world.

Application of group therapy practices and schizophrenia analysis

The practice of the Laborde Clinic

The work of Gathari in the La Borde psychoanalytic clinic is an important venue for schizophrenic analysis. There he was "exercising schizophrenic analysis with his patient". The attempt by Gathari to avoid hierarchical relationships between analysts and patients reflects the political dimension of schizophrenia analysis.

The group components of schizophrenic analysis allow for the analysis of "social machines and the formation of subjective abstract expressions". This approach differs from the individual orientation of traditional psychoanalysis and focuses more on social relations and group dynamics. According to Gathari, group analysis can avoid hierarchical relationships between analysts and patients, thus creating a more equitable and emancipated treatment environment.

Challenges in practice

It is worth noting, however, that schizophrenia analysis "has never been designed as a therapeutic technique, and there are no clinical training courses or technical guides". This makes schizophrenic analysis a challenge in practice. His own work at the Laborde Clinic was not always smooth, and his colleagues were often angry at his "total inability to comply with the rules".

Furthermore, the theoretical complexity and political nature of schizophrenia analysis make it difficult to obtain widespread acceptance in traditional mental health systems. Nevertheless, some of its elements have permeated various psychotherapy practices, especially those that focus on group dynamics and social contexts.

Contemporary development and theoretical implications

Cross-cutting with other psychological genres

Although schizophrenia analysis has not become a mainstream treatment, many of its ideas resonate with other psychological trends, including "the existence of psychology, humanistic psychology, feminism/post-colonialism/critical social theory". These intersections point to the fact that Deleuze and Gathari's ideas have gone beyond the realm of psychoanalysis and have influenced broader social and cultural theories.

In particular, their criticism of the concept of gender in traditional psychoanalysis provides an important resource for feminist psychology. They have challenged the theory of castration in male centres, advocating the plurality of gender and desire, which has many resonances with contemporary gender theories.

Political philosophy and social criticism

The Deleuze and Gathari theories have had a profound impact on political philosophy. Their work "emerged from the combination of Freud-Lacan's psychoanalytic and Marxist political economics" formed "a philosophy of the world from the point of view of desire".

This perspective provides a powerful tool for analysing contemporary social and political phenomena. Their theories, for example, can help to understand how capitalism sustains its rule by manipulating desires and why people sometimes support social structures that appear to be contrary to their interests. Their ideas continue to play a role in the current social movement and political criticism.

Contemporary application of the Deleuze-Gathari idea

The ideas of Deleuze and Gathari are used in many contemporary applications. In the political sphere, their theories were used to analyse nationalism, capitalism and neo-imperialism. The "middle class theory" perspective draws on the ideological framework of some Deleuze and Gathari to analyse the ruling class dynamics of socialist society.

In art and cultural research, their concepts of "body without organs" and "mechanism of desire" are used to analyse contemporary art, film and literature. New media research and digital cultural analysis, particularly on identity, virtual reality and digital society, are also influenced by Deleuze and Gathari thinking.

State of contemporary group psychoanalytic practice

Institutionalization and Academyization

Although schizophrenia analysis does not form the same rigorous system of treatment as traditional psychoanalysis, Deleuze and Gathari ideas have gained an important place in the college. Their works are widely read and discussed in areas such as philosophy, cultural research, sociology and political theory.

However, this academicization also runs the risk that their anti-organized critical thinking may be institutionalized and tamed. The works of Deleuze and Gathari are often simplified or disconnected and their revolutionary potential may be diminished. As warned in the search results, one may "select from the works of Deleuze and Deleuze-Gathari a quotation that can easily be taken out of context to fill in a false "political Deleuze" image."

Acceptance and development in China

In China, the idea of Gathari has been introduced for more than a decade. Confusion is the last book ever written by Gathari and the first translation of Gathari by the Chinese world. The publication of the book and the positive reactions of its readers indicate that Chinese readers are keenly interested in the ideas of Deleuze and Gathari.

Chinese scholars have also begun exploring the integration of Deleuze and Gathari ideas with Chinese cultural and social backgrounds. For example, scholars have linked Deleuze and Gathari ' s theories to social change and political dynamics in China, exploring their applicability and limitations in the Chinese context.

Conclusions

The Deleuze and Gathari schizophrenia theory represents a major shift in the field of psychoanalysis, which not only challenges the theoretical framework of traditional psychoanalysis but also expands its social and political dimensions. By considering desire as productivity rather than lack, they provide a new perspective for understanding individuals and societies. Although schizophrenic analysis has not evolved into a standardized treatment, its thinking has permeated a number of disciplines and has influenced contemporary thinking about substance, power, desire and social change. Cooperation between Deleuze and Gathari has created a unique theoretical language that continues to inspire new ideas and practices.

In contemporary societies, with globalization, digitization and the development of new forms of social control, the ideas of Deleuze and Gatari have become increasingly relevant. Their theories of desire, power and resistance provide important tools for analysing current societies and open up space for the possibility of different forms of society. As they have shown, we are all divided, and no psychoanalysis can return us to a unified self that does not exist at all. This insight still has profound interpretative power and potential for change in today ' s divided and complex world.

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